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List of colonial governors of New York
The territory which would later become the state of New York was settled by European colonists as part of the New Netherland colony (parts of present-day New York, New Jersey, Connecticut and Delaware) under the command of the Dutch West India Company in the Seventeenth Century. These colonists were largely of Dutch, Flemish, Walloon, and German stock, but the colony soon became a "melting pot." In 1664, at the onset of the Second Angle-Dutch War, English forces under Richard Nicolls ousted the Dutch from control of New Netherland, and the territory became part of several different English colonies. Despite one brief year when the Dutch retook the colony (1673–1674), New York would remain an English possession until the American colonies declared independence in 1776.
With the unification of the two proprietary colonies of East Jersey and West Jersey in 1702, the provinces of New York and the neighboring colony New Jersey shared a royal governor. This arrangement began with the appointment of Queen Anne's cousin, Edward Hyde, Lord Cornbury as Royal Governor of New York and New Jersey in 1702, and ended when New Jersey was granted its own royal governor in 1738.
==Directors of New Netherland (1624–1664)==
New Netherland (Dutch: ''Nieuw-Nederland'') was the 17th-century colonial province of the Republic of the Seven United Netherlands and the Dutch West India Company. It claimed territories along the eastern coast of North America from the Delmarva Peninsula to southwestern Cape Cod. Settled areas of New Netherland are now constitute the states of New York, New Jersey, Delaware, and Connecticut, and parts of Pennsylvania and Rhode Island.〔("Grant of Exclusive Trade to New Netherland by the States-General of the United Netherlands; October 11, 1614" ) from ''Documentary History of the State of Maine'' (Portland: Maine Historical Society / Bailey and Noyes, 1869-1916). Published online at the Avalon Project: Documents in Law, History and Diplomacy, Yale Law School, Lillian Goldman Law Library. Retrieved 6 April 2013.〕〔Jacobs, Jaap. ''New Netherland: A Dutch Colony In Seventeenth-Century America''. (Leiden: Brill, 2005), 35.〕 The provincial capital New Amsterdam was located at the southern tip of the island of Manhattan at Upper New York Bay.〔van der Sijs, Nicoline. ''Cookies, Coleslaw and Stoops: The Influence of Dutch on the North American Languages.'' (Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2009), 21.〕
New Netherland was conceived as a private business venture to exploit the North American fur trade.〔Dolin, Eric Jay. ''Fur, Fortune, and Empire: The Epic History of the Fur Trade in America''. (New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 2011) passim.〕 By the 1650s, the colony experienced dramatic growth and became a major port for trade in the North Atlantic. The leader of the Dutch colony was known by the title ''Director'' or ''Director-General.'' On August 27, 1664, four English frigates commanded by Richard Nicolls sailed into New Amsterdam's harbor and demanded the surrender of New Netherland.〔World Digital Library. ''(Articles about the Transfer of New Netherland on the 27th of August, Old Style, Anno 1664 )''. Retrieved 21 March 2013〕〔Versteer, Dingman (editor). "New Amsterdam Becomes New York" in ''(The New Netherland Register )''. Volume 1 No. 4 and 5 (April/May 1911): 49-64.〕 This event sparked the Second Anglo-Dutch War, which led to the transfer of the territory to England per the Treaty of Breda.〔Farnham, Mary Frances (compiler). "Farnham Papers (1603-1688)" in ''Volumes 7 and 8 of ''Documentary History of the State of Maine''. (Portland, Maine: Collections of the Maine Historical Society, 2nd Series. 1901-1902), 7:311-314.〕〔Parry, Clive (editor). ''Consolidated Treaty Series'' 231 Volumes. (Dobbs Ferry, New York: Oceana Publications, 1969-1981), 10:231.〕
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